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A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
In elementary geometry, a face is a polygon [note 1] on the boundary of a polyhedron. [3] [4] Other names for a polygonal face include polyhedron side and Euclidean plane tile. For example, any of the six squares that bound a cube is a face of the cube. Sometimes "face" is also used to refer to the 2-dimensional features of a 4-polytope.
The basic quantities describing a sphere (meaning a 2-sphere, a 2-dimensional surface inside 3-dimensional space) will be denoted by the following variables r {\displaystyle r} is the radius, C = 2 π r {\displaystyle C=2\pi r} is the circumference (the length of any one of its great circles ),
The area of a self-intersecting polygon can be defined in two different ways, giving different answers: Using the formulas for simple polygons, we allow that particular regions within the polygon may have their area multiplied by a factor which we call the density of the region. For example, the central convex pentagon in the center of a ...
The surface area of a polyhedron is the sum of areas of its faces, for definitions of polyhedra for which the area of a face is well-defined. The geodesic distance between any two points on the surface of a polyhedron measures the length of the shortest curve that connects the two points, remaining within the surface.
The surface area and the volume of the truncated icosahedron of edge length are: [2] = (+ +) = +. The sphericity of a polyhedron describes how closely a polyhedron resembles a sphere. It can be defined as the ratio of the surface area of a sphere with the same volume to the polyhedron's surface area, from which the value is between 0 and 1.
Shoelace scheme for determining the area of a polygon with point coordinates (,),..., (,). The shoelace formula, also known as Gauss's area formula and the surveyor's formula, [1] is a mathematical algorithm to determine the area of a simple polygon whose vertices are described by their Cartesian coordinates in the plane. [2]
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is more difficult to derive: because a sphere has nonzero Gaussian curvature, it cannot be flattened out. The formula for the surface area of a sphere was first obtained by Archimedes in his work On the Sphere and Cylinder. The formula is: [6] A = 4πr 2 (sphere), where r is the radius of the sphere.