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In chemistry, bond cleavage, or bond fission, is the splitting of chemical bonds. This can be generally referred to as dissociation when a molecule is cleaved into two or more fragments. [1] In general, there are two classifications for bond cleavage: homolytic and heterolytic, depending on the nature of the process.
Coulomb's inverse-square law, or simply Coulomb's law, is an experimental law [1] of physics that calculates the amount of force between two electrically charged particles at rest.
This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...
This operator and the associated Schrödinger equation play a central role in computational chemistry and physics for computing properties of molecules and aggregates of molecules, such as thermal conductivity, specific heat, electrical conductivity, optical, and magnetic properties, and reactivity.
An example of a dipole–dipole interaction can be seen in hydrogen chloride (HCl): the positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position. Polar molecules have a net attraction between them. Examples of polar molecules include hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloroform (CHCl 3).
A well-studied example is the radical ion salt TTF-TCNQ with a conductivity of 5 x 10 2 Ω −1 cm −1, [5] much closer to copper (ρ = 6 x 10 5 Ω −1 cm −1) [8] than many molecular solids. [31] [18] [30] The coulombic interaction in TTF-TCNQ stems from the large partial negative charge (δ = -0.59) on the cyano- moiety on TCNQ at room ...
Self-assembly of lipids (a), proteins (b), and (c) SDS-cyclodextrin complexes. SDS is a surfactant with a hydrocarbon tail (yellow) and a SO 4 head (blue and red), while cyclodextrin is a saccharide ring (green C and red O atoms).
A visual and tactile classroom model of strong close-range attraction and far-range repulsion characteristic of the fusion potential curve is modeled in the magnetic “Coulomb” barrier apparatus. [3] The apparatus won first place in the 2023 national apparatus competition of the American Academy of Physics Teachers in Sacramento, California.