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Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity , carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes). [1]
Myelophthisic anemia (or myelophthisis) is a severe type of anemia found in some people with diseases that affect the bone marrow. Myelophthisis refers to the displacement of hemopoietic bone-marrow tissue [1] by fibrosis, tumors, or granulomas. The word comes from the roots myelo-, which refers to bone marrow, and phthisis, shrinkage or atrophy.
Since the syndrome is due to the accumulation of chloramphenicol, the signs and symptoms are dose related. [10] According to Kasten's review published in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings, a serum concentration of more than 50 μg/mL is a warning sign, [10] while Hammett-Stabler and John states that the common therapeutics peak level is 10-20 μg/mL and is expected to achieve after 0.5-1.5 hours of ...
One in ten individuals with bone marrow failure have unsuspected Fanconi anemia (FA). [14] FA is the most common inherited bone marrow failure with an incidence of one to five episodes per million individuals. [14] The carrier frequency for FA is 1 in 200 to 300, however this differs by ethnicity. [14]
Other causes of reactive thrombocythemia include: post surgery, iron deficiency, drugs, and rebound effect after bone marrow suppression. [8] Research suggests that thrombocytosis can also occur after physical exercise, and is triggered by hemoconcentration and the release of platelets from the liver, lungs and spleen. [3] [9]
Bone marrow examination by a hematopathologist: This is required to establish the diagnosis since all hematopathologists consider dysplastic marrow the key feature of myelodysplasia. [ 37 ] Cytogenetics or chromosomal studies: This is ideally performed on the bone marrow aspirate .
Pancytopenia usually requires a bone marrow biopsy in order to distinguish among different causes. [5] anemia: hemoglobin < 13.5 g/dL (male) or < 12 g/dL (female). leukopenia: total white cell count < 4.0 x 10 9 /L. Decrease in all types of white blood cells (revealed by doing a differential count). thrombocytopenia: platelet count < 150×10 9 /L.
This fact shows suppression of bone marrow activity, as a hematological sign specific for pernicious anemia and radiation sickness. [ 6 ] A leukocyte count above 25 to 30 × 10 9 / L is termed a leukemoid reaction , which is the reaction of a healthy bone marrow to extreme stress, trauma, or infection.