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Dental antibiotic prophylaxis is the administration of antibiotics to a dental patient for prevention of harmful consequences of bacteremia, that may be caused by invasion of the oral flora into an injured gingival or peri-apical vessel during dental treatment.
There are many circumstances during dental treatment where antibiotics are prescribed by dentists to prevent further infection (e.g. post-operative infection). The most common antibiotic prescribed by dental practitioners is penicillin in the form of amoxicillin, however many patients are hypersensitive to this particular antibiotic.
Antibiotic prophylaxis refers to, for humans, the prevention of infection complications using antimicrobial therapy (most commonly antibiotics). Antibiotic prophylaxis in domestic animal feed mixes has been employed in America since at least 1970.
Antibiotic in case of a sudden onset of symptoms in less than 24 hours. [ 8 ] Periapical periodontitis or apical periodontitis [ 9 ] ( AP ) is an acute or chronic inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth root , most commonly caused by bacterial invasion of the pulp of the tooth . [ 10 ]
The most common bacteria that causes mouth infections are Streptococcus species. [8] Poor dental hygiene promotes the accumulation of these bacteria at the tooth root, eventually causing a cavity or dental caries. The decaying tooth root provides bacteria with an enclosed environment with low oxygen content.
S. sanguinis may gain entrance to the bloodstream when opportunity presents (dental cleanings and surgeries) and colonize the heart valves, particularly the mitral and aortic valves, where it is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. For this reason, oral surgeons often prescribe a short course of antibiotics to be taken a ...
They have an important role in dental antibiotic prophylaxis where their use may prevent bacteremia and consequent infective endocarditis. Antibiotics are also used to prevent infection in cases of neutropenia particularly cancer-related. [37] [38]
According to the American Dental Association: in patients with prosthetic joint implants, prophylactic antibiotics prior to routine dental procedures are generally not recommended in the prevention of PJI. However specific circumstances placing patients at higher risk, as determined by the dentist or other physicians, may warrant antibiotic ...