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A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [ 5 ] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism (closed or penetrating head ...
In traumatic brain injury (TBI), primary brain injury occurs during the initial insult, and results from displacement of the physical structures of the brain. [ 1 ] Secondary brain injury occurs gradually and may involve an array of cellular processes. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Secondary injury, which is not caused by mechanical damage, can result from the ...
Acquired brain injury (ABI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), focal or diffuse, primary and secondary. Brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors. In general, brain damage refers to significant, undiscriminating trauma-induced damage.
Specialty. Psychiatry, neurology, neuropsychology. Post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is a state of confusion that occurs immediately following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in which the injured person is disoriented and unable to remember events that occur after the injury. [ 1 ] The person may be unable to state their name, where they are, and ...
Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most common cause of physical disability and cognitive impairment in young people. [1][2] Overall, closed-head injuries and other forms of mild ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI, physical trauma to the brain) can cause a variety of complications, health effects that are not TBI themselves but that result from it. The risk of complications increases with the severity of the trauma; [1] however even mild traumatic brain injury can result in disabilities that interfere with social interactions, employment, and everyday living. [2]
The Glasgow Outcome Scale has also been extensively used in research and clinical trials. In a 2016 review on the management of traumatic brain injury that examined over 160 randomized controlled trials published between 1980 and 2015, the GOS or GOSE was the outcome measurement reported in over two-thirds of the trials. [13] [3]
The Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, abbreviated RPQ, is a questionnaire that can be administered to someone who sustains a concussion or other form of traumatic brain injury to measure the severity of symptoms. The RPQ is used to determine the presence and severity of post-concussion syndrome (PCS), a set of somatic, cognitive ...