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The driving torque to overcome rolling resistance and maintain steady speed on level ground (with no air resistance) can be calculated by: = where V s {\displaystyle V_{s}} is the linear speed of the body (at the axle), and
Braking distance. Braking distance refers to the distance a vehicle will travel from the point when its brakes are fully applied to when it comes to a complete stop. It is primarily affected by the original speed of the vehicle and the coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface, [ Note 1 ] and negligibly by the tires ...
When the fluid is moving relative to the reference system, for example, a car driving into headwind, the power required to overcome the aerodynamic drag is given by the following formula: = = (+) Where v w {\displaystyle v_{w}} is the wind speed and v o {\displaystyle v_{o}} is the object speed (both relative to ground).
Slip ratio is a means of calculating and expressing the slipping behavior of the wheel of an automobile.It is of fundamental importance in the field of vehicle dynamics, as it allows to understand the relationship between the deformation of the tire and the longitudinal forces (i.e. the forces responsible for forward acceleration and braking) acting upon it.
Terminal velocity. The downward force of gravity (Fg) equals the restraining force of drag (Fd) plus the buoyancy. The net force on the object is zero, and the result is that the velocity of the object remains constant. Terminal velocity is the maximum speed attainable by an object as it falls through a fluid (air is the most common example).
The angular momentum equation can be used to relate the moment of the resultant force on a body about an axis (sometimes called torque), and the rate of rotation about that axis. Torque and angular momentum are related according to =, just as F = dp/dt in linear dynamics. In the absence of an external torque, the angular momentum of a body ...
Dimension. L T−3. Jerk (also known as jolt) is the rate of change of an object's acceleration over time. It is a vector quantity (having both magnitude and direction). Jerk is most commonly denoted by the symbol j and expressed in m/s 3 (SI units) or standard gravities per second (g0 /s).
Motor velocity constant, back EMF constant. is the motor velocity, or motor speed, [2] constant (not to be confused with kV, the symbol for kilovolt), measured in revolutions per minute (RPM) per volt or radians per volt second, rad/V·s: [3] The rating of a brushless motor is the ratio of the motor's unloaded rotational speed (measured in RPM ...