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Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are used in public health. There are many examples of top-down programs, often run by governments or large inter-governmental organizations; many of these are disease-or issue-specific, such as HIV control or smallpox eradication. Examples of bottom-up programs include many small NGOs set up to improve ...
Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method devised by Marjory Gordon to be used by nurses in the nursing process to provide a more comprehensive nursing assessment of the patient.
Nursing theory is defined as "a creative and conscientious structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena". [1] Through systematic inquiry, whether in nursing research or practice, nurses are able to develop knowledge relevant to improving the care of patients.
The nursing process is a modified scientific method which is a fundamental part of nursing practices in many countries around the world. [1] [2] [3] Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. [4] It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was ...
Nancy Roper, when interviewed by members of the Royal College of Nursing's (RCN) Association of Nursing Students at RCN Congress in 2002 in Harrogate [5] stated that the greatest disappointment she held for the use of the model in the UK was the lack of application of the five factors listed below, citing that these are the factors which make ...
Hoshin Kanri is a top-down approach, with the goals being mandated by management and the implementation being performed by employees. As a result, systems need to be in place to ensure that objectives from senior management are effectively communicated all the way down the chain of command . [ 5 ]
For example, UNESCO's Finding a Voice Project employs ICT for development initiatives. Local content creation and distribution contributes to the formation of local information networks. [ 10 ] This is a bottom-up approach that involves extensive discussions, conversations, and decision-making with the target community. [ 10 ]
Top-down reading, is a part of reading science that explains the reader's psycholinguistic strategies in using grammatical and lexical knowledge for comprehension rather than linearly decoding texts. Top-down proteomics, a method for protein analysis; Top-down effects, effects of population density on a resource in a soil food web