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X, Y & Z: The Real Story of How Enigma Was Broken is a 2018 book by Dermot Turing about the Enigma machine, which was used by Nazi Germany in World War II, and about the French, British, and Polish teams that worked on decrypting messages transmitted using the Enigma cipher.
The Enigma machines were a family of portable cipher machines with rotor scramblers. [1] Good operating procedures, properly enforced, would have made the plugboard Enigma machine unbreakable to the Allies at that time. [2] [3] [4] The German plugboard-equipped Enigma became the principal crypto-system of the German Reich and later of other ...
On 1 February 1942, the Enigma messages began to be encoded using a new Enigma version that had been brought into use. The previous 3-rotor Enigma model had been modified with the old reflector replaced by a thin rotor and a new thin reflector. Breaking Shark on 3-rotor bombes would have taken 50 to 100 times as long as an average Air Force or ...
A four-rotor Enigma machine is on display at the Military Communications and Electronics Museum at Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Kingston in Kingston, Ontario. Occasionally, Enigma machines are sold at auction; prices have in recent years ranged from US$40,000 [69] [70] to US$547,500 [71] in 2017. Replicas are available in various forms, including ...
The work of Al-Qalqashandi (1355–1418), based on the earlier work of Ibn al-Durayhim (1312–1359), contained the first published discussion of the substitution and transposition of ciphers, as well as the first description of a polyalphabetic cipher, in which each plaintext letter is assigned more than one substitute. [1]
The Enigma-M4 key machine Key manual of the Kriegsmarine "Der Schlüssel M". The Enigma-M4 (also called Schlüssel M , more precisely Schlüssel M Form M4 ) is a rotor key machine that was used for encrypted communication by the German Kriegsmarine during World War II from October 1941.
The machine was developed by British mathematician Alan Turing, and it was used to decode messages sent by the Nazi military. Bought for $115, a WWII Enigma machine sells for $51,000 Skip to main ...
Hans-Thilo Schmidt (13 May 1888 – 19 September 1943) codenamed Asché or Source D, was a German spy who sold secrets about the Enigma machine to the French during World War II.