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The square root of the sum of two squares, also known as Pythagorean addition, is a useful function, because it finds the hypotenuse of a right triangle given the two side lengths, the norm of a 2-D vector, or the magnitude | | = + of a complex number z = a + bi given the real and imaginary parts.
Polynomial approximations [ edit ] The Weierstrass approximation theorem states that every continuous function defined on a closed interval [a,b] can be uniformly approximated as closely as desired by a polynomial function. [ 2 ]
The Remez algorithm or Remez exchange algorithm, published by Evgeny Yakovlevich Remez in 1934, is an iterative algorithm used to find simple approximations to functions, specifically, approximations by functions in a Chebyshev space that are the best in the uniform norm L ∞ sense. [1] It is sometimes referred to as Remes algorithm or Reme ...
For example, for Newton's method as applied to a function f to oscillate between 0 and 1, it is only necessary that the tangent line to f at 0 intersects the x-axis at 1 and that the tangent line to f at 1 intersects the x-axis at 0. [19] This is the case, for example, if f(x) = x 3 − 2x + 2.
Let () be a signal consisting of evenly spaced samples. Prony's method fits a function ^ = = (+) to the observed ().After some manipulation utilizing Euler's formula, the following result is obtained, which allows more direct computation of terms:
Engine for Likelihood-Free Inference. ELFI is a statistical software package written in Python for Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), also known e.g. as likelihood-free inference, simulator-based inference, approximative Bayesian inference etc. [83] ABCpy: Python package for ABC and other likelihood-free inference schemes.
Some quadrature algorithms generate a sequence of results which should approach the correct value. Otherwise one can use a "null rule" which has the form of the above quadrature rule, but whose value would be zero for a simple integrand (for example, if the integrand were a polynomial of the appropriate degree).
A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...