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International relations scholars use the term polarity to describe the distribution of power in the international system. [2] Unipolarity refers to an international system characterized by one hegemon (e.g. the United States in the post-Cold War period), bipolarity to an order with two great powers or blocs of states (e.g. the Cold War), and ...
The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others. [1] If one state becomes much stronger, the theory predicts it will take advantage of its weaker neighbors, thereby driving them to unite in a defensive ...
Power politics is a theory of power in international relations which contends that distributions of power and national interests, or changes to those distributions, are fundamental causes of war and of system stability. [1] [additional citation(s) needed]
International political economy (IPE) is the study of how politics shapes the global economy and how the global economy shapes politics. [1] A key focus in IPE is on the power of different actors such as nation states, international organizations and multinational corporations to shape the international economic system and the distributive consequences of international economic activity.
Organski first described power transition theory. [4]: 22 According to Organski in his textbook, World Politics (1958):An even distribution of political, economic, and military capabilities between contending groups of states is likely to increase the probability of war; peace is preserved best when there is an imbalance of national capabilities between disadvantaged and advantaged nations ...
In international relations, the concept of balancing derives from the balance of power theory, the most influential theory from the realist school of thought, which assumes that a formation of hegemony in a multistate system is unattainable since hegemony is perceived as a threat by other states, causing them to engage in balancing against a potential hegemon.
A middle power is a state that is not a superpower or a great power, but still exerts influence and plays a significant role in international relations.These countries often possess certain capabilities, such as strong economies, advanced technologies, and diplomatic influence, that allow them to have a voice in global affairs.
The concept also called for a reconciliation of power politics with the idealistic ethics of earlier American discussions about foreign policy. John Mearsheimer describes it as among the three most influential realist works of international relations of the 20th century. [3] It has been criticized for contradictions, ambiguity and vagueness. [1]