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In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, [1] is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley ), and uses a specified set of generators for the group.
Hence, the fundamental group of the Cayley graph Γ(G) is isomorphic to the kernel of φ, the normal subgroup of relations among the generators of G. The extreme case is when G = {e}, the trivial group, considered with as many generators as F, all of them trivial; the Cayley graph Γ(G) is a bouquet of circles, and its fundamental group is F ...
In mathematics, Cayley's formula is a result in graph theory named after Arthur Cayley. It states that for every positive integer n {\displaystyle n} , the number of trees on n {\displaystyle n} labeled vertices is n n − 2 {\displaystyle n^{n-2}} .
Geometric group theory grew out of combinatorial group theory that largely studied properties of discrete groups via analyzing group presentations, which describe groups as quotients of free groups; this field was first systematically studied by Walther von Dyck, student of Felix Klein, in the early 1880s, [2] while an early form is found in the 1856 icosian calculus of William Rowan Hamilton ...
This is the corresponding graph, called the Nauru graph: The red, green and blue squares form the permutation matrices, indexed 1, 5 and 21 in the following file. (Compare: v:Symmetric_group_S4#A_closer_look_at_the_Cayley_table) 1, 5 and 21 are the generators of the Nauru graph. Source: Own work: Author
The Cayley table tells us whether a group is abelian. Because the group operation of an abelian group is commutative, a group is abelian if and only if its Cayley table's values are symmetric along its diagonal axis. The group {1, −1} above and the cyclic group of order 3 under ordinary multiplication are both examples of abelian groups, and ...
The same file with right action (which is more usual for Cayley graphs). One of the Cayley graphs of the dihedral group Dih 4. This version of File:Dih 4 Cayley Graph; generators a, b.svg uses prefix notation, which is unusual for Cayley graphs. In this file an arrow for s goes from g to sg, while in the other file it goes from g to gs.
Description: Cayley table of Dih 4 (right action). One of the Cayley graphs of the dihedral group Dih 4. The red arrow represents permutation =, and the blue edge represents permutation =.