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bone marrow bowel movement breast milk Capillary blood glucose (British medical colloquialism originating from Boehringer Mannheim, a manufacturer of early glucose meters, today a part of Boehringer Ingelheim.) BMBx: Bone marrow biopsy: BMC: bone mineral content: BMD: bone mineral density (also termed bone mass measurement) BMI: body mass index ...
Bone density. The basic principle of single-photon bone mineral density measuring instrument is to calculate the attenuation degree of single-energy gamma photon beam through bone tissue. The more attenuation degree is, the more absorbed by bone minerals, the more bone mineral content and the higher bone mineral density are.
A scanner used to measure bone density using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone density, or bone mineral density, is the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.The concept is of mass of mineral per volume of bone (relating to density in the physics sense), although clinically it is measured by proxy according to optical density per square centimetre of bone surface upon imaging. [1]
Bone densities are often given to patients as a T score or a Z score. A T score tells the patient what their bone mineral density is in comparison to a young adult of the same gender with peak bone mineral density. A normal T score is -1.0 and above, low bone density is between -1.0 and -2.5, and osteoporosis is -2.5 and lower.
DXA is only able to provide the areal bone mineral density. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is better than DXA at detecting bone microarchitecture, modeling whole-bone geometry using 3-dimensional information from scans. This method allows estimation of bone strength and other mechanical properties. [20]
The trabecular bone score is a measure of bone texture correlated with bone microarchitecture and a marker for the risk of osteoporosis. Introduced in 2008, [ 1 ] its main projected use is alongside measures of bone density in better predicting fracture risk in people with metabolic bone problems.
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a measure commonly used to quantify bone health. A lower BMD value indicates an increased risk of an osteoporosis or a fracture. [13] There is a large range of factors influencing BMD. Protein consumption has shown to be beneficial for bone density by providing amino acid substrates necessary for bone matrix formation.
In particular, physical exercise can be beneficial for bone density in postmenopausal women, [140] and lead to a slightly reduced risk of a bone fracture (absolute difference 4%). [141] Weight bearing exercise has been found to cause an adaptive response in the skeleton, [ 142 ] promoting osteoblast activity and protecting bone density. [ 143 ]