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The USDA's first nutrition guidelines were published in 1894 by Dr. Wilbur Olin Atwater as a farmers' bulletin. [1] [2] In Atwater's 1904 publication titled Principles of Nutrition and Nutritive Value of Food, he advocated variety, proportionality and moderation; measuring calories; and an efficient, affordable diet that focused on nutrient-rich foods and less fat, sugar and starch.
The primary international agency with a focus on food policy is the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, established in 1945 with four express purposes: to improve nutrition and living standards in member nations, improve the efficiency of production and distribution of all food and agricultural products, better the conditions of rural populations, and expand the ...
A long period of prosperity due to post–World War II economic expansion resulted in a large decrease in the number of people below the poverty line during the 1960s. Still, blacks and other minorities had a poverty rate three times that of whites, and poverty in the deep South, urban ghettos, and Indian Reservations was associated with starvation, hunger, and malnutrition.
Food history is an interdisciplinary field that examines the history and the cultural, economic, environmental, and sociological impacts of food and human nutrition. It is considered distinct from the more traditional field of culinary history , which focuses on the origin and recreation of specific recipes.
The program was established as a way to prop up food prices by absorbing farm surpluses, while at the same time providing food to school-age children. [2] It was named after Richard Russell Jr. , signed into law by President Harry S. Truman in 1946, [ 3 ] and entered the federal government into schools' dietary programs on June 4, 1946.
5-2 million years ago: Hominids shift away from the consumption of nuts and berries to begin the consumption of meat. [1] [2]A hearth with cooking utensils. 2.5-1.8 million years ago: The discovery of the use of fire may have created a sense of sharing as a group.
In the 1980s, the program was called the Temporary Emergency Food Assistance Program. It is now often referred to as the Emergency Food Assistance Program and is administrated by the USDA. As of 2012, surpluses are still distributed, though to food banks and other emergency food agencies, not directly to individuals. [11]
1960 – U-2 incident, wherein a CIA U-2 spy plane was shot down while flying a reconnaissance mission over Soviet Union airspace 1960 – Greensboro sit-ins, sparked by four African American college students refusing to move from a segregated lunch counter, and the Nashville sit-ins, spur similar actions and increases sentiment in the Civil Rights Movement.