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List of Antiviral Drugs Antiviral Use Manufacturer Component Type Year approved Abacavir: HIV: ViiV Healthcare: Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 1998 Acyclovir (Aciclovir) Herpes Simplex, chickenpox, [2] varicella zoster virus: GSK: guanosine analogue RTI 1981 Adefovir: Hepatitis B [3] Gilead Sciences RTI 2002 , 2003 ...
Antiviral drugs are a class of antimicrobials, a larger group which also includes antibiotic (also termed antibacterial), antifungal and antiparasitic drugs, [3] or antiviral drugs based on monoclonal antibodies. [4] Most antivirals are considered relatively harmless to the host, and therefore can be used to treat infections.
The structure of ajoene was determined and it was synthesized based on biosynthetic considerations in 1984, [1] correcting an incorrect structure published in 1983. [2] A short, scalable total synthesis of ajoene was reported in 2018 by Wirth and coworkers [3] while a biosynthetically modeled synthesis of trifluoroajoene from difluoroallicin was published in 2017. [4]
Some of the most well known are antiviral drugs widely used to treat HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and COVID-19. These protease inhibitors prevent viral replication by selectively binding to viral proteases (e.g. HIV-1 protease) and blocking proteolytic cleavage of protein precursors that are necessary for the production of infectious viral particles.
Allicin is an organosulfur compound obtained from garlic and leeks. [1] When fresh garlic is chopped or crushed, the enzyme alliinase converts alliin into allicin, which is responsible for the aroma of fresh garlic. [2] Allicin is unstable and quickly changes into a series of other sulfur-containing compounds such as diallyl disulfide. [3]
Drugs which inhibit growth of fungi are called antifungal drugs. Sometimes, the term antibiotic—literally "opposing life", from the Greek roots ἀντι anti, "against" and βίος bios, "life"—is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes, but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin) are those ...
Antimicrobial use has been common practice for at least 2000 years. Ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks used specific molds and plant extracts to treat infection. [5]In the 19th century, microbiologists such as Louis Pasteur and Jules Francois Joubert observed antagonism between some bacteria and discussed the merits of controlling these interactions in medicine. [6]
Produces toxic free radicals that disrupt DNA and proteins. This non-specific mechanism is responsible for its activity against a variety of bacteria, amoebae, and protozoa. Mupirocin: Bactroban: Ointment for impetigo, cream for infected cuts: Inhibits isoleucine t-RNA synthetase (IleRS) causing inhibition of protein synthesis Platensimycin