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Dissection of the muscles of the palate from behind. The five muscles of the soft palate play important roles in swallowing and breathing. The muscles are: Tensor veli palatini, which is involved in swallowing; Palatoglossus, involved in swallowing; Palatopharyngeus, involved in breathing; Levator veli palatini, involved in swallowing
The tensor veli palatini muscle receives motor innervation from the mandibular nerve (CN V 3) (a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)) [2] via the nerve to medial pterygoid. [1] It is the only muscle of the palate not innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, which is formed by the vagal and glossopharyngeal nerves. [citation needed]
The levator veli palatini muscle elevates the soft palate during swallowing. This helps to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx. Its action may be slightly slower than its partner, the tensor veli palatini muscle. [1] It has little to no effect on the pharyngotympanic tube. [2]
The palatine velum is slightly raised by the levator veli palatini and made tense by the tensor veli palatini; the palatopharyngeus muscles, by their contraction, pull the pharynx upward over the bolus of food and nearly come together, the uvula filling up the slight interval between them.
Only skeletal and smooth muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system and only the muscles can move the body. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are used only to circulate blood; like the smooth muscles, these muscles are not under conscious control. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and arranged in opposing groups around joints. [8]
The anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) is a bony projection of the iliac bone, and an important landmark of surface anatomy. It refers to the anterior extremity of the iliac crest of the pelvis . It provides attachment for the inguinal ligament , and the sartorius muscle . [ 1 ]
The thoracolumbar fascia is thought to be involved in load transfer between the trunk and limb (it is tensioned by the action of the latissimus dorsi muscle, gluteus maximus muscle, and the hamstring muscles), and lifting. [1]: 814–815 It is endowed with nociceptive receptors, and may be involved in some forms of back pain. [1]: 814–815
It lies deep to the trapezius muscle and can be palpated as a firm round muscle mass just lateral to the cervical spinous processes. The semispinalis cervicis (or semispinalis colli ), arises by a series of tendinous and fleshy fibers from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebrae , and is inserted into the cervical ...