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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also known as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or immune thrombocytopenia, is an autoimmune primary disorder of hemostasis characterized by a low platelet count in the absence of other causes. [1] [2] ITP often results in an increased risk of bleeding from mucosal surfaces (such as the nose or gums) or ...
Common symptoms of IMT include lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, haemorrhage, and bruising. [1] Destruction of platelets occurs when immunoglobins attach to the surface of the platelet, which causes macrophages to initiate phagocytosis. [2] IMT is differentiated from other forms of thrombocytopaenia by the immune-mediated component of the condition. [3]
Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a disorder characterized by catching or locking of the involved finger in full or near full flexion, typically with force. [2] There may be tenderness in the palm of the hand near the last skin crease (distal palmar crease ). [ 3 ]
Some women may have heavier or longer periods or breakthrough bleeding. Bruising, particularly purpura in the forearms and petechiae in the feet, legs, and mucous membranes, may be caused by spontaneous bleeding under the skin. [8] [9] Eliciting a full medical history is vital to ensure the low platelet count is not secondary to another disorder.
Immunoglobulin therapy is the use of a mixture of antibodies (normal human immunoglobulin) to treat several health conditions. [13] [14] These conditions include primary immunodeficiency, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Kawasaki disease, certain cases of HIV/AIDS and measles, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and certain other infections when a ...
This results in platelet activation and the formation of platelet microparticles, which initiate the formation of blood clots; the platelet count falls as a result, leading to thrombocytopenia. [1] [7] In addition, the reticuloendothelial system (mostly the spleen) removes the antibody-coated platelets, further contributing to the thrombocytopenia.
Dosage changes can help address that, at the risk of side effects and complications. [108] Women with type 1 diabetes show a higher than normal rate of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). [110] The reason may be that the ovaries are exposed to high insulin concentrations since women with type 1 diabetes can have frequent hyperglycemia. [111]
The complications of diabetes can dramatically impair quality of life and cause long-lasting disability. Overall, complications are far less common and less severe in people with well-controlled blood sugar levels. [3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk.
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