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Both newer and older drugs are generally equally effective in new onset epilepsy. [42] The newer drugs tend to have fewer side effects. [42] For newly diagnosed partial or mixed seizures, there is evidence for using gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine or topiramate as monotherapy. [42]
The adverse effects found in the Phase II trial mainly affected the central nervous system, and appeared to be dose-related. [8] The most common adverse effects were drowsiness, dizziness, tinnitus and vertigo, confusion, and slurred speech. [9] Less common side effects included tremor, memory loss, gait disturbances, and double vision. [10]
Levetiracetam, sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a novel antiepileptic drug [7] used to treat epilepsy. [8] It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures, [7] and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein.
Oxcarbazepine is an anticonvulsant used to reduce the occurrence of epileptic episodes, and is not intended to cure epilepsy. [12] Oxcarbazepine is used alone or in combination with other medications for the treatment of focal (partial) seizures in adults. [3]
The side-effects profile varies for different patient populations. [50] Overall adverse effects in treatment are similar between men, women, geriatric, pediatric, and racial groups. [5] Lamotrigine has been associated with a decrease in white blood cell count . [53] Lamotrigine does not prolong QT/QTc in TQT studies in healthy subjects. [54]
Vistaril (hydroxyzine) – an antihistamine for the treatment of itches and irritations, an antiemetic, as a weak analgesic, an opioid potentiator, and as an anxiolytic; Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine) – a pro-drug stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and binge eating disorder; Vyvanse is converted into Dexedrine in vivo
The major metabolite, phenobarbital, is also a potent anticonvulsant in its own right and likely contributes to primidone's effects in many forms of epilepsy. According to Brenner's Pharmacology , it also increases GABA-mediated chloride flux, thereby hyperpolarizing the membrane potential.
Paramethadione (brand name Paradione) is an anticonvulsant drug of the chemical class called oxazolidinediones developed by the Illinois-based pharmaceutical company Abbott Laboratories (known as AbbVie since January 1, 2013 [1]), and approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1949 for the treatment of absence seizures, also called partial seizures.
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