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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental and behavioral disorder in which an individual has intrusive thoughts (an obsession) and feels the need to perform certain routines (compulsions) repeatedly to relieve the distress caused by the obsession, to the extent where it impairs general function.
Cognitive therapy has been shown to be useful in reducing intrusive thoughts, [68] [69] but developing a conceptualization of the obsessions and compulsions with the patient is important. [70] One of the strategies sometimes used in Cognitive Behavioral Theory is mindfulness exercises.
Obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) is a cluster C personality disorder marked by a spectrum of obsessions with rules, lists, schedules, and order, among other things. Symptoms are usually present by the time a person reaches adulthood, and are visible in a variety of situations. [ 4 ]
Compulsive behavior (or compulsion) is defined as performing an action persistently and repetitively. Compulsive behaviors could be an attempt to make obsessions go away. [ 3 ] Compulsive behaviors are a need to reduce apprehension caused by internal feelings a person wants to abstain from or control. [ 4 ]
[2] OCD is a mental disorder characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions. [3] An obsession is defined as "a recurring thought, image, or urge that the individual cannot control". [4] Compulsion can be described as a "ritualistic behavior that the person feels compelled to perform". [4]
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Primarily obsessional OCD has been called "one of the most distressing and challenging forms of OCD." [5] [page needed] People with this form of OCD have "distressing and unwanted thoughts pop into [their] head frequently," and the thoughts "typically center on a fear that you may do something totally uncharacteristic of yourself, something... potentially fatal... to yourself or others."
OCD is considered to be egodystonic as the thoughts and compulsions experienced or expressed are not consistent with the individual's self-perception, meaning the thoughts are unwanted, distressing, and reflect the opposite of their values, desires, and self-construct. In contrast, obsessive–compulsive personality disorder is egosyntonic, as ...