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The following Punjabi-language publications have been written on the origins of the Gurmukhī script: Singh, Gurbaksh (G.B.) (1950). Gurmukhi Lipi da Janam te Vikas (in Punjabi) (5th ed.). Chandigarh, Punjab, India: Punjab University Press, 2010. ISBN 81-85322-44-9. Alternative link; Ishar Singh Tãgh Gurmukhi Lipi da Vigyamulak Adhiyan.
Often in literature, Pakistani Punjabi (written in Shahmukhi) is referred as Western-Punjabi (or West-Punjabi) and Indian Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi) is referred as Eastern-Punjabi (or East-Punjabi), although the underlying language is the same with a very slight shift in vocabulary towards Islamic and Sikh words respectively. [78]
Dialects of Punjabi. Majhi (Shahmukhi: ماجھی; Gurmukhi: ਮਾਝੀ; Punjabi: [mä˦d̆.d͡ʒi˨] [1]), also known as Central Punjabi, is the most widely-spoken dialect of the Punjabi language, [2] natively spoken in the Majha region of Punjab in present-day Pakistan and India. The dialect forms the basis of Standard Punjabi.
Punjabi dictionaries are compilations of words and phrases used in the Punjabi-language and its dialects. Punjabi dictionaries were first published in the 19th century by printing presses operated by Christian missionaries. [1] Punjabi dictionaries exist in romanized Punjabi, Gurmukhi, and Shahmukhi, or combinations of the three.
The Punjabi verbal system is can be described largely in terms of aspect and mood. Most Punjabi verbs do not inflect for tense—the only verb which does is the copular verb ਹੈ / ہے. Some linguists have described aspectual forms of Punjabi verbs as being inflections for tense; however, this assessment is flawed as these verb forms can be ...
The Gurmukhi script is used to write virtually all Sikh Scriptures and texts. The Gurmukhi alphabhet has 35 original letters, as well as six supplementary consonants in official usage, [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] referred to as the navīn ṭolī , navīn varag , or pair bindi meaning "new group," [ 15 ] [ 16 ] created by placing a dot ( bindī ) at ...
The laava phere (Punjabi: ਲਾਵਾਂ ਫੇਰੇ (); singular laav; ਲਾਵਾਂ), also known as Lavan [1], are the four hymns of the Anand Karaj (Sikh wedding ceremony) which form the main part of the wedding ceremony.
Shahmukhi (Shahmukhi: شاہ مُکھی, pronounced [ʃäː(ɦ)˦.mʊ.kʰiː], lit. ' from the Shah's or king's mouth ', Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁੱਖ਼ੀ) is the right-to-left abjad-based script developed from the Perso-Arabic alphabet used for the Punjabi language varieties, predominantly in Punjab, Pakistan.
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