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Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, New Forest eye or blight, [1] is a veterinary infection of cattle caused by Moraxella bovis, a Gram-negative, β-haemolytic, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is spread by direct contact or by flies serving as vectors. It is the most common ocular disease of cattle (mostly
A CDC infographic on how antibiotic-resistant bacteria have the potential to spread from farm animals. The use of antibiotics in the husbandry of livestock includes treatment when ill (therapeutic), treatment of a group of animals when at least one is diagnosed with clinical infection (metaphylaxis [1]), and preventative treatment (prophylaxis).
It is the cause of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, a contagious ocular disease of cattle, [1] [2] referred to colloquially as pinkeye or New Forest eye. [3] M. bovis was first associated with pinkeye in cattle 1915 in Bengal, India [4] The restriction enzyme MboI, widely used in biotechnology, is isolated from this species. [5]
The conjunctivitis of cattle known as pink-eye is caused by Moraxella bovis bacteria transmitted by Musca autumnalis face-flies. [37] The feeding of various Musca species of fly permits the contaminative transmission of nematode worms, for example Parafilaria bovicola , causing a nodular filariasis in cattle.
Antibiotic use in livestock may create antibiotic-resistant pathogens; parasites, bacteria, and viruses may be spread; ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus can reduce oxygen in surface waters and contaminate drinking water; pesticides and hormones may cause hormone-related changes in fish; animal feed and feathers may stunt the growth of desirable ...
Nearly 45,000 children received care for pink eye at a doctor's office, eye clinic or emergency room and 69% were prescribed antibiotics, which come in drops and ointments.
In a literature review conducted by the Review of Antimicrobial Resistance 100 out of 139 studies found evidence of a link between antibiotic use in animals and antibiotic resistance in consumers. [6] When a gram-negative bacterial infection is suspected in a patient, one of the first-line options for treatment is in the fluoroquinolone family.
In 1986, some European countries banned the use of antibiotics because of research they found that linked antibiotic use in livestock and drug resistant bacteria in humans. [11] The European Union regulated in 2006 against antibiotics for growth promotion purposes. [12] It was estimated in 2014 that over 80% of the world's antibiotic use was on ...