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Avaste Fen, Estonia.Sedges dominate the landscape, woody shrubs and trees are sparse. Wicken Fen, England.Grasses in the foreground are typical of a fen. A fen is a type of peat-accumulating wetland fed by mineral-rich ground or surface water.
A fen is located on a slope, flat, or in a depression and gets most of its water from the surrounding mineral soil or from groundwater (minerotrophic). Thus, while a bog is always acidic and nutrient-poor, a fen may be slightly acidic, neutral, or alkaline, and either nutrient-poor or nutrient-rich. [ 8 ]
A simplified definition of wetland is "an area of land that is usually saturated with water". [14] More precisely, wetlands are areas where "water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season". [15]
Over centuries there is a progression from open lake, to a marsh, to a fen (or, on acidic substrates, valley bog), to a carr, as silt or peat accumulates within the lake. Eventually, peat builds up to a level where the land surface is too flat for ground or surface water to reach the center of the wetland.
"areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres […..] and may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or ...
Pinchbeck Engine, a museum of fen drainage based around the longest-working beam engine and scoopwheel; Somerset Levels, a similar area of wetlands in the southwest of England; Wicken Fen, one of the few remaining undrained fens, owned by the National Trust; Fen, a British post-metal band; Devil's Dyke, Cambridgeshire, a long straight ditch and ...
The National Trust is marking 125 years since it acquired its first nature reserve.
A fen is another wetland form, which is created by a seep from below. The fen is affected by the calcium included in the seepage. It is usually associated with glacial moraines. Vegetation can be either herbaceous plants or heavily forested. The best known fen in the dunes is mistakenly called Cowles Bog, rather than more appropriately, Cowles ...