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Absolutism or the Age of Absolutism (c. 1610 – c. 1789) is a historiographical term used to describe a form of monarchical power that is unrestrained by all other institutions, such as churches, legislatures, or social elites. [1]
Absolutism (European history), period c. 1610 – c. 1789 in Europe Enlightened absolutism, influenced by the Enlightenment (18th- and early 19th-century Europe) Absolute monarchy, in which a monarch rules free of laws or legally organized opposition; Autocracy, a political theory which argues that one person should hold all power
The Early Middle Ages begin with a fragmentation of the former Western Roman Empire into "barbarian kingdoms". [citation needed] In Western Europe, the kingdom of the Franks developed into the Carolingian Empire by the 8th century, and the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England were unified into the kingdom of England by the 10th century. [citation ...
The Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España) entered a new era with the death of Charles II, the last Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a Bourbon prince, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles.
The sociedad de la España moderna ("society of modern Spain" in the sense of the Modern Age or Ancien Régime) was a network of communities of diverse nature, to which individuals were attached by bonds of belonging: territorial communities in the style of the house or the village; intermediate communities such as the manor and the cities and their land (alfoz or comunidad de villa y tierra ...
On April 7, 1823, the so-called "Army of Spain" began crossing the Spanish border without a prior declaration of war. [179] [180] Initially numbering between 80,000 and 90,000 men, their number rose to around 120,000 by the end of the campaign, with some having already participated in Napoleon's invasion of 1808.
The following year, an English Armada, also known as the Counter Armada or the Drake–Norris Expedition, of a similar size to the Spanish one, was sent against Spain in order to drive home the advantage that England had gained, Led by Sir Francis Drake as admiral and Sir John Norris as general.
Charles III, King of Spain from 1759 to 1788, tried to rescue his empire from decay through far-reaching reforms such as weakening the Church and its monasteries, promoting science and university research, facilitating trade and commerce, modernizing agriculture and avoiding wars. The centralization of power in Madrid angered the local nobility ...