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The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, [a] often shortened to the Red Army, [b] was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.The army was established in January 1918 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars [1] to oppose the military forces of the new nation's adversaries during the Russian Civil War, especially the various groups ...
At the start of the civil war, former Tsarist officers formed three-quarters of the Red Army officer-corps. [36] By its end, 83% of all Red Army divisional and corps commanders were ex-Tsarist soldiers.
The Red Army defeated the Chinese and compelled them to uphold the provisions of the Agreement of 1924. 1934 Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang: Xinjiang: Red Army and GPU troops attacked the Chinese Muslim 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army) and Han chinese Ili troops led by Generals Ma Zhongying and Zhang Peiyuan. Military stalemate. 1937
However, by the end of 1942 the Soviet Red Army began pushing back the Wehrmacht through a series of offensives that preceded the Red Army's encroachment upon Hungarian territory in 1943–44. In September 1944 Soviet forces crossed into Hungary, launching the Budapest Offensive.
During the Red Terror, Berzin initiated the system of taking and shooting hostages to stop desertions and other "acts of disloyalty and sabotage". [46] [page needed] As chief of a special department of the Latvian Red Army (later the Russian 15th Army), Berzin played a part in the suppression of the Red sailors' uprising at Kronstadt in March ...
The Red Army formations that attacked the Polish forces were defeated by Edward Rydz-Śmigły's units between 30 April and 7 May. [74] [77] While the Poles extended their holdings further, the Red Army, unable to accomplish its objectives and facing intensified combat with the White forces elsewhere, withdrew from its positions. [74]
In those areas that the Red Army had captured and before the fighting in the centre of the city had stopped, the Soviet authorities took measures to start restoring essential services. [127] Almost all transport in and out of the city had been rendered inoperative, and bombed-out sewers had contaminated the city's water supplies. [ 128 ]
Development of Red Army tactics began during the Russian Civil War, and are still a subject of study within Russian military academies today. They were an important source of development in military theory, and in particular of armoured warfare before, during and after the Second World War, in the process influencing the outcome of World War II and the Korean War.