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The ankle is composed of three joints: the talocrural joint (also called talotibial joint, tibiotalar joint, talar mortise, talar joint), the subtalar joint (also called talocalcaneal), and the Inferior tibiofibular joint. [3] [4] [5] The joint surface of all bones in the ankle is covered with articular cartilage.
The talus (/ ˈ t eɪ l ə s /; Latin for ankle [1] or ankle bone; [2] pl.: tali), talus bone, astragalus (/ ə ˈ s t r æ ɡ ə l ə s /), or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus. The tarsus forms the lower part of the ankle joint. It transmits the entire weight of the body from the lower legs to the foot. [3]
The talus bone or ankle bone is connected superiorly to the two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula, to form the ankle joint or talocrural joint; inferiorly, at the subtalar joint, to the calcaneus or heel bone. Together, the talus and calcaneus form the hindfoot. [1]
The part of the ankle joint known as the talocrural joint, is a synovial hinge joint that connects the distal ends of the tibia and fibula in the lower limb with the proximal end of the talus. The articulation between the tibia and the talus bears more weight than between the smaller fibula and the talus. [citation needed]
The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula. The word malleolus ( / m ə ˈ l iː ə l ə s , m æ -/ [ 1 ] [ 2 ] ), plural malleoli ( / m ə ˈ l iː ə ˌ l aɪ , m æ -/ ), comes from Latin and means "small hammer ".
The inferior tibiofibular joint, also known as the distal tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis), is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the distal end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia.
In human anatomy, the lower leg is the part of the lower limb that lies between the knee and the ankle. [1] Anatomists restrict the term leg to this use, rather than to the entire lower limb. [ 6 ] The thigh is between the hip and knee and makes up the rest of the lower limb. [ 1 ]
The superior tibiofibular articulation is an arthrodial joint between the lateral condyle of the tibia and the head of the fibula. The inferior tibiofibular articulation (tibiofibular syndesmosis) is formed by the rough, convex surface of the medial side of the lower end of the fibula, and a rough concave surface on the lateral side of the tibia.