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Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius (19 September AD 86 – 7 March 161) was Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161. He was the fourth of the Five Good Emperors from the Nerva–Antonine dynasty. [3] Born into a senatorial family, Antoninus held various offices during the reign of Emperor Hadrian.
Hadrian died that same year, and Antoninus began a peaceful, benevolent reign. He adhered strictly to Roman traditions and institutions, and shared his power with the Roman Senate. Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus succeeded Antoninus Pius in 161 upon that emperor's death, and co-ruled until Verus' death in 169.
Head of Antinous found at Hadrian's Villa, dating from 130–138 AD, now at the Museo Nazionale Romano, Rome, Italy. Antinous was born to a Greek family near the city of Claudiopolis, [9] [6] which was located in the Roman province of Bithynia, [10] in what is now north-west Turkey.
Hadrian 76–138 r. 117–138: Vibia Sabina 80–137: Rupilia Faustina 87–138: Marcus Annius Verus: Faustina the Elder 100–141: Antoninus 86–161 r. 138–161: Marcus Aurelius 121–180 r. 161–180: Faustina the Younger 125–175: Commodus 161–192 r. 180–192: Lucilla 148–182: Lucius Verus 130–169 r. 161–169
While a private citizen, she married Antoninus Pius between 110 and 115. Faustina bore four children with Pius: two sons and two daughters. [13] These were: Marcus Aurelius Fulvius Antoninus (died before 138); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. [10] [14]
Since Aurelius was, by adoption, Antoninus Pius' son, under Roman law he was marrying his sister; Antoninus would have had to formally release one or the other from his paternal authority (his patria potestas) for the ceremony to take place. [7] Little is specifically known of the ceremony, but it is said to have been "noteworthy". [8]
Hadrian dies at Baiae and Antoninus accedes to the emperorship HA Hadrian 26.6; HA Pius 5.1 Marcus' betrothal to Ceionia Fabia and Lucius' betrothal to Faustina made void 138, after 10 July Marcus betrothed to Faustina HA Marcus 6.2; HA Verus 2.3 Hadrian deified HA Hadrian 27.2; HA Pius 5.1 Antoninus named Pius HA Hadrian 27.4, cf. HA Pius 2.2 ...
Hadrian's second adoptive son and successor Antoninus Pius, assumed the name Aelius Hadrianus as a part of his name when he ruled as Emperor. The sixth child born to Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius and Roman Empress Faustina the Younger was named Hadrianus. Hadrianus (152–157) was named in honour of his grandfather Hadrian.