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Blood pressure ( BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured.
The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733. [ 1][ 2] Descriptions of what would come to be called hypertension came from, among others, Thomas Young in 1808 and especially Richard Bright in 1836. [ 1] Bright noted a link between cardiac hypertrophy and kidney disease, and subsequently ...
Blood pressure measurement. A medical student checking blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Arterial blood pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure. [ 1] Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres ...
An anesthetic machine with integrated systems for monitoring of several vital parameters, including blood pressure and heart rate. Purpose. assess the general physical health of a person. Vital signs (also known as vitals) are a group of the four to six most crucial medical signs that indicate the status of the body's vital (life-sustaining ...
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Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure. [1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood [2] and is indicated by two numbers, the systolic blood pressure (the top number) and the diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the ...
D062186. In medicine, the mean arterial pressure ( MAP) is an average calculated blood pressure in an individual during a single cardiac cycle. [ 1] Although methods of estimating MAP vary, a common calculation is to take one-third of the pulse pressure (the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures ), and add that amount to the ...
Central venous pressure ( CVP) is the blood pressure in the venae cavae, near the right atrium of the heart. CVP reflects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood back into the arterial system. CVP is often a good approximation of right atrial pressure (RAP), [ 1] although the two terms are not ...