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Glossary of mathematical symbols. A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various ...
Vertical line test. The vertical line test, shown graphically. The abscissa shows the domain of the (to be tested) function. In mathematics, the vertical line test is a visual way to determine if a curve is a graph of a function or not. A function can only have one output, y, for each unique input, x. If a vertical line intersects a curve on an ...
Asymptote. The graph of a function with a horizontal ( y = 0), vertical ( x = 0), and oblique asymptote (purple line, given by y = 2 x ). A curve intersecting an asymptote infinitely many times. In analytic geometry, an asymptote ( / ˈæsɪmptoʊt /) of a curve is a line such that the distance between the curve and the line approaches zero as ...
A horizontal line is a straight, flat line that goes from left to right. Given a function (i.e. from the real numbers to the real numbers), we can decide if it is injective by looking at horizontal lines that intersect the function's graph. If any horizontal line intersects the graph in more than one point, the function is not injective.
Slope. Slope: In mathematics, the slope or gradient of a line is a number that describes the direction and steepness of the line. [ 1] Often denoted by the letter m, slope is calculated as the ratio of the vertical change to the horizontal change ("rise over run") between two distinct points on the line, giving the same number for any choice of ...
In the three-dimensional case, the situation is more complicated as now one has horizontal and vertical planes in addition to horizontal and vertical lines. Consider a point P and designate a direction through P as vertical. A plane which contains P and is normal to the designated direction is the horizontal plane at P.
The first of these signed ordered pairs is the abscissa of the corresponding point, and the second value is its ordinate. In common usage, the abscissa refers to the x coordinate and the ordinate refers to the y coordinate of a standard two-dimensional graph. [ 1][ 2] The distance of a point from the y axis, scaled with the x axis, is called ...
The history of mathematical notation [1] includes the commencement, progress, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflict of the methods of notation confronted in a notation's move to popularity or inconspicuousness. Mathematical notation [2] comprises the symbols used to write mathematical equations and formulas.