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Cerebrospinal fluid leak. A cerebrospinal fluid leak ( CSF leak or CSFL) is a medical condition where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that surrounds the brain and spinal cord leaks out of one or more holes or tears in the dura mater. [ 1] A CSF leak is classed as either spontaneous (primary), having no known cause ( sCSF leak ), or nonspontaneous ...
Intractable pain. Intractable pain, also called intractable pain syndrome ( IPS ), is a severe, constant, relentless, and debilitating pain that is not curable by any known means and which causes a house-bound or bed-bound state and early death if not adequately treated, usually with opioids and/or interventional procedures.
Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms: changes in sensation ( hypoesthesia ), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech ( dysarthria) or swallowing ( dysphagia ), visual problems ( nystagmus, optic neuritis, phosphenes or diplopia ), fatigue and ...
Diplopia. Diplopia. Other names. Double vision. One way a person might experience double vision. Specialty. Neurology, ophthalmology. Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other. [ 1] Also called double vision, it is a loss of visual focus ...
Erythromelalgia. Erythromelalgia or Mitchell's disease (after Silas Weir Mitchell) is a rare vascular peripheral pain disorder in which blood vessels, usually in the lower extremities or hands, are episodically blocked (frequently on and off daily), then become hyperemic and inflamed. There is severe burning pain (in the small fiber sensory ...
Machado–Joseph disease ( MJD ), also known as Machado–Joseph Azorean disease, Machado's disease, Joseph's disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 ( SCA3 ), is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cerebellar ataxia, [ 1][ 2] which results in a lack of muscle control and coordination of the ...
Rheumatology, Immunology. Relapsing polychondritis is a systemic disease characterized by repeated episodes of inflammation and in some cases deterioration of cartilage. The disease can be life-threatening if the respiratory tract, heart valves, or blood vessels are affected. The exact mechanism is poorly understood.
Schilder disease or diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis: is a rare disease that presents clinically as a pseudotumoural demyelinating lesion; and is more common in children. [56] [57] Solitary sclerosis: This variant was proposed (2012) by Mayo Clinic researchers. [58] though it was also reported by other groups more or less at the same time.