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The process of electrochlorination is a simple application based on the chloralkali process (in an unpartitioned cell). It is the electrolysis of saltwater to produce a chlorinated solution. The first step is removing any solids from the saltwater. Next, the saltwater streams through an electrolyzer cell's channel of decreasing thickness.
The chloralkali process (also chlor-alkali and chlor alkali) is an industrial process for the electrolysis of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. It is the technology used to produce chlorine and sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), [ 1] which are commodity chemicals required by industry. Thirty five million tons of chlorine were prepared by this ...
Sodium chloride / ˌsoʊdiəm ˈklɔːraɪd /, [ 8] commonly known as edible salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chlorine ions. It is transparent or translucent, brittle, hygroscopic, and occurs as the mineral halite.
The Solvay process or ammonia–soda process is the major industrial process for the production of sodium carbonate (soda ash, Na 2 CO 3 ). The ammonia–soda process was developed into its modern form by the Belgian chemist Ernest Solvay during the 1860s. [ 1] The ingredients for this are readily available and inexpensive: salt brine (from ...
Note: ρ is density, n is refractive index at 589 nm, [clarification needed] and η is viscosity, all at 20 °C; T eq is the equilibrium temperature between two phases: ice/liquid solution for T eq < 0–0.1 °C and NaCl/liquid solution for T eq above 0.1 °C.
Thermodynamics. [edit] The electrolysis of water in standard conditions requires a theoretical minimum of 237 kJ of electrical energy input to dissociate each mole of water, which is the standard Gibbs free energyof formation of water. It also requires thermal energy to balance the change in entropy of the reaction.
The solution is treated with a concentrated salt solution (saline) to make debris such as broken proteins, lipids, and RNA clump together. Centrifugation of the solution, which separates the clumped cellular debris from the DNA. DNA purification from detergents, proteins, salts, and reagents is used during the cell lysis step.
Chlorine can be manufactured by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution ( brine ), which is known as the Chloralkali process. The production of chlorine results in the co-products caustic soda ( sodium hydroxide, NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ). These two products, as well as chlorine itself, are highly reactive.