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Euclid (/ ˈ j uː k l ɪ d /; Greek: Εὐκλείδης; fl. 300 BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. [2] Considered the "father of geometry", [3] he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century.
Two fundamental theorems of elementary geometry are customarily called Thales's theorem: one of them has to do with a triangle inscribed in a circle and having the circle's diameter as one side; [55] the other, also called the intercept theorem, is about an angle intercepted by two parallel lines, forming a pair of similar triangles.
Geometry (from the Ancient Greek: γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") arose as the field of knowledge dealing with spatial relationships. Geometry was one of the two fields of pre-modern mathematics, the other being the study of numbers ( arithmetic ). Classic geometry was focused in compass and straightedge constructions.
Archimedes was born c. 287 BC in the seaport city of Syracuse, Sicily, at that time a self-governing colony in Magna Graecia. The date of birth is based on a statement by the Byzantine Greek scholar John Tzetzes that Archimedes lived for 75 years before his death in 212 BC. [ 8] In the Sand-Reckoner, Archimedes gives his father's name as ...
Pythagoras of Samos[ a] ( Ancient Greek: Πυθαγόρας; c. 570 – c. 495 BC) [ b] was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher, polymath and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, through them, the West in general.
Apollonius of Perga ( c. 240 – c. 190 BC) is known for his work on conic sections and his study of geometry in 3-dimensional space. He is considered one of the greatest ancient Greek mathematicians. Hipparchus ( c. 190 – c. 120 BC) is considered the founder of trigonometry [ 9] and also solved several problems of spherical trigonometry.
Euclid is regarded as the "father of geometry". His Elements is the most successful textbook in the history of mathematics. [20] Although he is one of the most famous mathematicians in history there are no new discoveries attributed to him; rather he is remembered for his great explanatory skills. [22]
An illustration of Euclid 's proof of the Pythagorean theorem. Greek mathematics refers to mathematics texts and ideas stemming from the Archaic through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, mostly from the 5th century BC to the 6th century AD, around the shores of the Mediterranean. [ 1][ 2] Greek mathematicians lived in cities spread over the ...