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The working tools of the reservoir engineer are subsurface geology, applied mathematics, and the basic laws of physics and chemistry governing the behavior of liquid and vapor phases of crude oil, natural gas, and water in reservoir rock.
It is reflective of subsurface properties such as material composition, density, porosity, and temperature. [1] Geophysicists rely on the analysis and interpretation of the velocity structure to develop refined models of the subsurface geology, which are essential in resource exploration, earthquake seismology , and advancing our understanding ...
Seismic migration is the process by which seismic events are geometrically re-located in either space or time to the location the event occurred in the subsurface rather than the location that it was recorded at the surface, thereby creating a more accurate image of the subsurface.
Geothermal exploration is the exploration of the subsurface in search of viable active geothermal regions with the goal of building a geothermal power plant, where hot fluids drive turbines to create electricity. [1] Exploration methods include a broad range of disciplines including geology, geophysics, geochemistry and engineering. [2]
Exploration geophysics is also used to map the subsurface structure of a region, to elucidate the underlying structures, to recognize spatial distribution of rock units, and to detect structures such as faults, folds and intrusive rocks. This is an indirect method for assessing the likelihood of ore deposits or hydrocarbon accumulations.
Geophysical imaging (also known as geophysical tomography) is a minimally destructive geophysical technique that investigates the subsurface of a terrestrial planet. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Geophysical imaging is a noninvasive imaging technique with a high parametrical and spatio- temporal resolution . [ 4 ]
The gravity anomaly at a location on the Earth's surface is the difference between the observed value of gravity and the value predicted by a theoretical model. If the Earth were an ideal oblate spheroid of uniform density, then the gravity measured at every point on its surface would be given precisely by a simple algebraic expression.
Sequence stratigraphy is and essential tool in the application of geology to the exploration for oil and gas, as a part of the field of Petroleum geology. Much of the development of this scientific discipline has occurred within or been funded by energy corporations and their geological research labs. [3] [4]
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