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The Earth's magnetic field strength was measured by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1832 [69] and has been repeatedly measured since then, showing a relative decay of about 10% over the last 150 years. [70] The Magsat satellite and later satellites have used 3-axis vector magnetometers to probe the 3-D structure of the Earth's magnetic field.
Magnetic induction B (also known as magnetic flux density) has the SI unit tesla [T or Wb/m 2]. [1] One tesla is equal to 10 4 gauss. Magnetic field drops off as the inverse cube of the distance ( 1 / distance 3) from a dipole source. Energy required to produce laboratory magnetic fields increases with the square of magnetic field.
The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of magnetic flux density (also called magnetic B-field strength) in the International System of Units (SI). One tesla is equal to one weber per square metre. The unit was announced during the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960 and is named [1] in honour of Serbian-American electrical and ...
The gauss is the unit of magnetic flux density B in the system of Gaussian units and is equal to Mx /cm 2 or g / Bi /s 2, while the oersted is the unit of H -field. One tesla (T) corresponds to 10 4 gauss, and one ampere (A) per metre corresponds to 4π × 10 −3 oersted. The units for magnetic flux Φ, which is the integral of magnetic B ...
A geomagnetic reversal is a change in a planet's dipole magnetic field such that the positions of magnetic north and magnetic south are interchanged (not to be confused with geographic north and geographic south). The Earth's magnetic field has alternated between periods of normal polarity, in which the predominant direction of the field was ...
Angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north and true north. Example of magnetic declination showing a compass needle with a "positive" (or "easterly") variation from geographic north. N g is geographic or true north, N m is magnetic north, and δ is magnetic declination. Magnetic declination (also called magnetic variation) is the ...
World Magnetic Model. Magnetic declination map at sea-level for the year 2010 derived from WMM2010. The World Magnetic Model (WMM) is a large spatial-scale representation of the Earth's magnetic field. It was developed jointly by the US National Geophysical Data Center and the British Geological Survey. The data and updates are issued by the US ...
The dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field is a first order approximation of the rather complex true Earth's magnetic field. Due to effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and the solar wind, the dipole model is particularly inaccurate at high L-shells (e.g., above L=3), but may be a good approximation for lower L-shells.