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  2. Magnetotellurics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetotellurics

    With advances in instrumentation, processing and modelling, magnetotellurics has become one of the most important tools in deep Earth research. Since first being created in the 1950s, magnetotelluric sensors, receivers and data processing techniques have followed the general trends in electronics, becoming less expensive and more capable with ...

  3. Plasma diagnostics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_diagnostics

    The ball-pen probe balances the electron saturation current to the same magnitude as that of the ion saturation current. In this case, its floating potential becomes identical to the plasma potential. This goal is attained by a ceramic shield, which screens off an adjustable part of the electron current from the probe collector due to the much ...

  4. Magnetohydrodynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics

    Researchers have developed global models using MHD to simulate phenomena within Earth's magnetosphere, such as the location of Earth's magnetopause [24] (the boundary between the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind), the formation of the ring current, auroral electrojets, [25] and geomagnetically induced currents.

  5. Birkeland current - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkeland_current

    Schematic of the Birkeland or Field-Aligned Currents and the ionospheric current systems they connect to, Pedersen and Hall currents. [1]A Birkeland current (also known as field-aligned current, FAC) is a set of electrical currents that flow along geomagnetic field lines connecting the Earth's magnetosphere to the Earth's high latitude ionosphere.

  6. Current sensing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_sensing

    The design of the saturable inductor current sensor is similar to that of a closed-loop Hall-effect current sensor; the only difference is that this method uses the saturable inductor instead of the Hall-effect sensor in the air gap. Saturable inductor current sensor is based on the detection of an inductance change. The saturable inductor is ...

  7. Magnetic reconnection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_reconnection

    Magnetic reconnection is a breakdown of "ideal-magnetohydrodynamics" and so of "Alfvén's theorem" (also called the "frozen-in flux theorem") which applies to large-scale regions of a highly-conducting magnetoplasma, for which the Magnetic Reynolds Number is very large: this makes the convective term in the induction equation dominate in such regions.

  8. These Cookies Will Convert Anyone Into a Fruitcake Fan - AOL

    www.aol.com/cookies-convert-anyone-fruitcake-fan...

    Yields: 24-30. Prep Time: 1 hour. Total Time: 2 hours. Ingredients. Cookies. 2 c. all-purpose flour. 3/4 tsp. baking soda. 1/2 tsp. ground cinnamon. 1/4 tsp. baking ...

  9. Plasma sheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_sheet

    Artistic representation of Earth's magnetosphere. The plasma sheet is highlighted in yellow. In the magnetosphere, the plasma sheet is a sheet-like region of denser (0.3-0.5 ions/cm 3 versus 0.01-0.02 in the lobes) [citation needed] hot plasma and lower magnetic field located on the magnetotail and near the equatorial plane, between the magnetosphere's north and south lobes.