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The term nootropic is derived from Ancient Greek νόος (nóos) 'mind' and τροπή (tropḗ) 'turning'. [1][5][6] The first documented use of "nootropic" in reference to substances purported to increase cognitive functions was by Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972. [5][6][7] When researching a new compound, Giurgea found a spectrum of effects ...
ECA stack. The ECA stack is a drug combination used in weight loss and as a stimulant. ECA is an initialism for ephedrine, caffeine, and aspirin, with variants of it including the EC stack, which removes the aspirin for those who can not tolerate it. Dietary supplements based on or including elements of ECA were popular through the 1990s and ...
Caffeine. Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class and is the most commonly consumed psychoactive substance globally. [9][10] It is mainly used for its eugeroic (wakefulness promoter), ergogenic (physical performance enhancing), or nootropic (cognition improving) properties. [11][12] Caffeine acts by ...
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. [8] It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and, perhaps more-especially, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), [9] but is also used to treat anxiety disorders [10] such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress ...
Additive effect in pharmacology describes the situation when the combining effects of two drugs equal the sum of the effects of the two drugs acting independently. [1][2] The concept of additive effect is derived from the concept of synergy. It was introduced by the scientists in pharmacology and biochemistry fields in the process of ...
Thus, caffeine can interact with a wide range of psychiatric medications, including antidepressant agents, antipsychotic agents, antimanic agents, antianxiety agents, and sedative agents." [11] So when caffeine interacts with these specific medications, it can complicate the side effects of the disorder and possibly the medication. To lessen ...
NREM Stages. Three stages of sleep make up the NREM phase, and they each unfold before REM kicks in. Here’s a rough breakdown of what happens during each stage of NREM sleep:. Stage 1: light ...
Caffeinism is a state of intoxication caused by excessive consumption of caffeine. This intoxication covers a variety of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms associated with the consumption of excessive amounts of caffeine. [1] Caffeine is considered one of the most widely consumed drugs around the world. Around 80% of the world population ...