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It is a common misconception that astronauts in orbit are weightless because they have flown high enough to escape the Earth's gravity. In fact, at an altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi), equivalent to a typical orbit of the ISS, gravity is still nearly 90% as strong as at the Earth's
This is convenient because one pound mass exerts one pound force due to gravity. Note, however, unlike the other systems the force unit is not equal to the mass unit multiplied by the acceleration unit [11] —the use of Newton's second law, F = m ⋅ a, requires another factor, g c, usually taken to be 32.174049 (lb⋅ft)/(lbf⋅s 2).
A ton-force is one of various units of force defined as the weight of one ton due to standard gravity. [note 1] ... ton-force is equal to ... kN = 1.12 short tons-force
Maximum pulling force (tractive effort) of a single large diesel-electric locomotive [1] 10 6 N meganewton (MN) 1.8 MN Thrust of Space Shuttle Main Engine at lift-off [25] [26] [27] 1.9 MN Weight of the largest Blue Whale [1] 10 7 N 35 MN Thrust of Saturn V rocket at lift-off [28] 10 8 N 570 MN Simplistic estimate of force of sunlight on Earth ...
All objects on the Earth's surface are subject to a gravitational acceleration of approximately 9.8 m/s 2. The General Conference on Weights and Measures fixed the value of standard gravity at precisely 9.80665 m/s 2 so that disciplines such as metrology would have a standard value for converting units of defined mass into defined forces and ...
To make this into an equal-sided formula or equation, there needed to be a multiplying factor or constant that would give the correct force of gravity no matter the value of the masses or distance between them (the gravitational constant). Newton would need an accurate measure of this constant to prove his inverse-square law.
Since 2012, the AU is defined as 1.495 978 707 × 10 11 m exactly, and the equation can no longer be taken as holding precisely. The quantity GM —the product of the gravitational constant and the mass of a given astronomical body such as the Sun or Earth—is known as the standard gravitational parameter (also denoted μ).
One g is the force per unit mass due to gravity at the Earth's surface and is the standard gravity (symbol: g n), defined as 9.806 65 metres per second squared, [5] or equivalently 9.806 65 newtons of force per kilogram of mass. The unit definition does not vary with location—the g-force when standing on the Moon is almost exactly 1 ⁄ 6 that