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The Mongol empire was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206. It extended from the Pacific Ocean to the Danube River and the Persian Gulf. At its greatest extent, it covered some 9 million square miles of territory, making it the largest contiguous land empire in history.
Map showing the boundary of the 13th century Mongol Empire compared to today's Mongols in Mongolia, Russia, the Central Asian States, and China. The Mongol Empire, at its height of the largest contiguous empire in history, had a lasting impact, unifying large regions.
A map of the Mongol Empire at its greatest extent, showing capitals and major cities.
The Mongol Empire (1206-1368) was founded by Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227), first Great Khan or 'universal ruler' of the Mongol peoples. Genghis forged the empire by uniting nomadic tribes of the Asian steppe and creating a devastatingly effective army with fast, light, and highly coordinated cavalry.
The Mongol Empire became the biggest contiguous empire by area in history, covering 24 million square kilometers (9.27 mln sq mi) and the fourth-largest empire by the percentage of the global population. Starting in Mongolia, the Mongol Empire finally spread from Central Europe to the Sea of Japan.
Map of the Mongol Empire. The Mongol Empire peaked its power under Kublai Khan, who ruled from 1260 to 1294. The empire controlled 24 million sq. km of territory, making it the largest contiguous empire in human history.
A map of the Mongol Empire during the reign of Genghis Khan and after his death.
Map of the Mongol Empire as it formed under Genghis Khan (r. 1206-1227). The map also shows the dates and routes of Genghis Khan's most notable campaigns.
To truly appreciate the grandeur of this empire, let’s take a journey on the Mongolian Empire map. Picture a sprawling empire that spanned from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Danube River in the west.
The Mongol Empire spanned over four centuries, from 1206 to 1455, and at its height, it controlled a territory that extended from China to Europe and from Hungary to the Middle East. The Mongols were nomadic people who originated in central Asia and were originally known as the Borjigin clan.