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The two-body problem in general relativity (or relativistic two-body problem) is the determination of the motion and gravitational field of two bodies as described by the field equations of general relativity. Solving the Kepler problem is essential to calculate the bending of light by gravity and the motion of a planet orbiting its sun.
Gravitational force between masses M and m: G: m 3 kg −1 s −2: Gravitational constant m: kg: Mass of small lead ball M: kg: Mass of large lead ball r: m: Distance between centers of large and small balls when balance is deflected L: m: Length of torsion balance beam between centers of small balls N m rad −1: Torsion coefficient of ...
Gravity field surrounding Earth from a macroscopic perspective. Newton's law of universal gravitation can be written as a vector equation to account for the direction of the gravitational force as well as its magnitude. In this formula, quantities in bold represent vectors.
Newton's law of gravity says that the gravitational force felt on mass m i by a single mass m j is given by [15] = ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ = ‖ ‖, where G is the gravitational constant and ‖ q j − q i ‖ is the magnitude of the distance between q i and q j (metric induced by the l 2 norm).
The three-body problem is a special case of the n-body problem, which describes how n objects move under one of the physical forces, such as gravity. These problems have a global analytical solution in the form of a convergent power series, as was proven by Karl F. Sundman for n = 3 and by Qiudong Wang for n > 3 (see n-body problem for details
The most prominent example of the classical two-body problem is the gravitational case (see also Kepler problem), arising in astronomy for predicting the orbits (or escapes from orbit) of objects such as satellites, planets, and stars. A two-point-particle model of such a system nearly always describes its behavior well enough to provide useful ...
The gravitational constant is a physical constant that is difficult to measure with high accuracy. [7] This is because the gravitational force is an extremely weak force as compared to other fundamental forces at the laboratory scale. [d] In SI units, the CODATA-recommended value of the gravitational constant is: [1]
The problem of two fixed centers conserves energy; in other words, the total energy is a constant of motion.The potential energy is given by =where represents the particle's position, and and are the distances between the particle and the centers of force; and are constants that measure the strength of the first and second forces, respectively.