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  2. Lignosulfonates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignosulfonates

    Kraft lignin from black liquor, which is produced in much higher amounts, may be processed into sulfonated lignin. The lignin is first precipitated by acidifying the liquor with CO 2 then washed (other methods for isolation exist). Reaction with sodium sulfite or sodium bisulfite and an aldehyde under a basic environment completes sulfonation.

  3. Borregaard - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borregaard

    The company's core business is based on a Biorefinery that manufactures products based on the different components in wood. Important products are speciality cellulose, lignin products (lignosulphonates), bio ethanol, yeast and yeast extracts and lignin-based vanillin. The company also produces ethyl vanillin, diphenols and fine chemicals.

  4. Lignin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin

    Higher quality lignin presents the potential to become a renewable source of aromatic compounds for the chemical industry, with an addressable market of more than $130bn. [ 26 ] Given that it is the most prevalent biopolymer after cellulose , lignin has been investigated as a feedstock for biofuel production and can become a crucial plant ...

  5. Lignin characterization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignin_characterization

    The term "lignin characterization" (or "lignin analysis") refers to a group of activities within lignin research aiming at describing the characteristics of a lignin by determination of its most important properties. [1] Most often, this term is used to describe the characterization of technical lignins by means of chemical or thermo-chemical ...

  6. Wood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood

    Chemical structure of lignin, which makes up about 25% of wood dry matter and is responsible for many of its properties. The chemical composition of wood varies from species to species, but is approximately 50% carbon, 42% oxygen, 6% hydrogen, 1% nitrogen, and 1% other elements (mainly calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, and manganese ...

  7. Sodium lignosulfonate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_lignosulfonate

    It has preservative properties, and is used as an ingredient in animal feeds. It is also used for construction, ceramics, mineral powder, chemical industry, textile industry (leather), metallurgical industry, petroleum industry, fire-retardant materials, rubber vulcanization, organic polymerization. [1] It is a pepsin inhibitor. Vovac, J.A. et ...

  8. Black liquor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_liquor

    The black liquor is an aqueous suspension of lignin residues, hemicellulose, and the inorganic chemicals used in the process. The black liquor comprises 15% solids by weight of which two thirds are organic chemicals and the remainder are inorganic. [3] Normally the organics in black liquor are 40-45% soaps, [4] 35-45% lignin and 10-15% other ...

  9. Polyphenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol

    Polyphenols, such as lignin, are larger molecules (macromolecules). Their upper molecular weight limit is about 800 daltons , which allows for the possibility to rapidly diffuse across cell membranes so that they can reach intracellular sites of action or remain as pigments once the cell senesces .

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