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The hydrogen atoms in the ammonium ion can be substituted with an alkyl group or some other organic group to form a substituted ammonium ion (IUPAC nomenclature: aminium ion). Depending on the number of organic groups, the ammonium cation is called a primary , secondary , tertiary , or quaternary .
Quaternary ammonium cation. The R groups may be the same or different alkyl or aryl groups. Also, the R groups may be connected. In organic chemistry, quaternary ammonium cations, also known as quats, are positively-charged polyatomic ions of the structure [NR 4] +, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group [1] or organyl group.
In organic chemistry, alkylammonium refers to cations of the formula [R 4−n NH n] +, where R = alkyl and 1≤ n ≤ 4. The cations with four alkyl substituents, i.e., [R 4 N] +, are further classified as quaternary ammonium cations and are discussed more thoroughly in the article with that title.
A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −C n H 2n−1. [2] Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group. The smallest alkyl group is methyl, with the formula −CH 3 ...
Quaternary ammonium compounds are positively charged polyatomic ions of the structure NR 4 + with R being alkyl or aryl groups. The R groups may also be connected. The R groups may also be connected. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Quaternary ammonium compounds .
Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3 (in which the bond angle between the nitrogen and hydrogen is 170°), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an ...
N-alkylation is a general and useful route to quaternary ammonium salts from tertiary amines, because overalkylation is not possible. Examples of N-alkylation with alkyl halides are the syntheses of benzylaniline, [5] 1-benzylindole, [6] [7] and azetidine. [8] Another example is found in the derivatization of cyclen. [9]
TPA is chemically similar to other quaternary ammonium cations with saturated alkyl groups. As such, it is highly electrochemically stable, degrading only in the presence of particularly strong bases and nucleophiles. [1] It is isoelectronic with tetrapropyltin and the tetrapropylboranuide anion.