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  2. Long run and short run - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_run_and_short_run

    In economics, the long-run is a theoretical concept in which all markets are in equilibrium, and all prices and quantities have fully adjusted and are in equilibrium.The long-run contrasts with the short-run, in which there are some constraints and markets are not fully in equilibrium.

  3. Cost curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_curve

    The long-run marginal cost curve is shaped by returns to scale, a long-run concept, rather than the law of diminishing marginal returns, which is a short-run concept. The long-run marginal cost curve tends to be flatter than its short-run counterpart due to increased input flexibility.

  4. Long-run cost curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-run_cost_curve

    The increase in choices about how to produce in the long run means that long-run costs are equal to or less than short run costs, ceteris paribus. The term curves does not necessarily mean the cost function has any curvature. However, many economic models assume that cost curves are differentiable so that the LRMC is well-defined. Traditionally ...

  5. Perfect competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_competition

    In the short run, it is possible for an individual firm to make an economic profit. This situation is shown in this diagram, as the price or average revenue, denoted by , is above the average cost denoted by . However, in the long run, economic profit cannot be sustained. The arrival of new firms or expansion of existing firms (if returns to ...

  6. AD–AS model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AD–AS_model

    The AD–AS or aggregate demand–aggregate supply model (also known as the aggregate supply–aggregate demand or AS–AD model) is a widely used macroeconomic model that explains short-run and long-run economic changes through the relationship of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) in a diagram.

  7. Marginal cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost

    Long Run Marginal Cost. The long run is defined as the length of time in which no input is fixed. Everything, including building size and machinery, can be chosen optimally for the quantity of output that is desired. As a result, even if short-run marginal cost rises because of capacity constraints, long-run marginal cost can be constant.

  8. Profit maximization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_maximization

    The principal difference between short run and long run profit maximization is that in the long run the quantities of all inputs, including physical capital, are choice variables, while in the short run the amount of capital is predetermined by past investment decisions. In either case, there are inputs of labor and raw materials.

  9. Average cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_cost

    A long-run average cost curve is typically downward sloping at relatively low levels of output, and upward or downward sloping at relatively high levels of output. Most commonly, the long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, by definition reflecting economies of scale where negatively sloped and diseconomies of scale where positively sloped.