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  2. Online Certificate Status Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_Certificate_Status...

    Alice and Bob have public key certificates issued by Carol, the certificate authority (CA). Alice wishes to perform a transaction with Bob and sends him her public key certificate. Bob, concerned that Alice's private key may have been compromised, creates an 'OCSP request' that contains Alice's certificate serial number and sends it to Carol.

  3. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted.

  4. HTTP Public Key Pinning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_Public_Key_Pinning

    The HPKP policy specifies hashes of the subject public key info of one of the certificates in the website's authentic X.509 public key certificate chain (and at least one backup key) in pin-sha256 directives, and a period of time during which the user agent shall enforce public key pinning in max-age directive, optional includeSubDomains ...

  5. Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital...

    Check that is not equal to the identity element O, and its coordinates are otherwise valid. Check that lies on the curve. Check that =. After that, Bob follows these steps: Verify that r and s are integers in [,]. If not, the signature is invalid.

  6. OpenSSL - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenSSL

    The OpenSSL project was founded in 1998 to provide a free set of encryption tools for the code used on the Internet. It is based on a fork of SSLeay by Eric Andrew Young and Tim Hudson, which unofficially ended development on December 17, 1998, when Young and Hudson both went to work for RSA Security.

  7. Cryptographic hash function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographic_hash_function

    However, that approach can have costs in efficiency and security. The ciphers in hash functions are built for hashing: they use large keys and blocks, can efficiently change keys every block, and have been designed and vetted for resistance to related-key attacks. General-purpose ciphers tend to have different design goals.

  8. RC4 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC4

    It uses 256 bytes of memory for the state array, S[0] through S[255], k bytes of memory for the key, key[0] through key[k−1], and integer variables, i, j, and K. Performing a modular reduction of some value modulo 256 can be done with a bitwise AND with 255 (which is equivalent to taking the low-order byte of the value in question).

  9. Sodium stearoyl lactylate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_stearoyl_lactylate

    The effect of SSL on bread volume [17] Compared to calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate (CSL), SSL offers some advantages. First, SSL disperses and hydrates more readily in water than CSL. Therefore, SSL does not require pre-hydration. Second, SSL provides better crumb softening than CSL. SSL's crumb softening effect is noticeable up to 5–7 days ...