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Plywood is a composite material manufactured from thin layers, ... This alternation of the grain is called cross-graining and has several important benefits: it ...
Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers [1] or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. [2] R. Bruce Hoadley wrote that grain is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells (e.g., straight grain, spiral grain), surface appearance or figure, growth-ring placement (e.g., vertical grain), plane of the cut (e.g ...
Graining is the art of imitating the different types of natural wood grain. It ranges from simple Clair Bois to intricate English Walnut . The panelling of the great chamber of Theobalds House in England, used by James VI and I , was decorated in "walnut tree colour" in 1618 with highlighted mouldings in black and gold.
Molded plywood is the term for two- or three-dimensionally shaped products from multiple veneer layers that are glued together through heat and pressure in a pressing tool. The veneer layers are arranged crosswise at an angle of 90 degrees.
The product is manufactured as a 12-by-12-inch (300 mm × 300 mm) or 12-by-18-inch (300 mm × 460 mm) billet in a rectangular cross-section, which is then typically sawn and trimmed to smaller cross-sectional sizes.
Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a subcategory of engineered wood [1] panel product made from gluing together at least three layers [2] of solid-sawn lumber (i.e. lumber cut from a single log). [3] The grain of each layer of boards is usually rotated 90 degrees from that of adjacent layers and glued on the wide faces of each board, usually in a ...
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For small values of θ the stress required to initiate fracture is increased by a factor of (cos θ) −2 due to the increased cross-sectional area (A cos θ) of the fibre and reduced force (F/cos θ) experienced by the fibre, leading to a composite tensile strength of σ parallel /cos 2 θ where σ parallel is the tensile strength of the ...