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It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Russian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
The letter ѧ was adapted to represent the iotated /ja/ я in the middle or end of a word; the modern letter я is an adaptation of its cursive form of the seventeenth century, enshrined by the typographical reform of 1708. Until 1708, the iotated /ja/ was written ꙗ at the beginning of a word.
The Simpel-Fonetik alphabet is based on the Latin script, with the addition of three letters with diacritics: ä, ö, and ü (with umlaut). The alphabet does not include the letters c, q, x, or y, which are only used when writing unassimilated foreign terms or proper names. The 25-letter alphabet is: [3] [4]
[note 1] Occasionally, letters or diacritics are added, removed, or modified by the International Phonetic Association. As of the most recent change in 2005, [4] there are 107 segmental letters, an indefinitely large number of suprasegmental letters, 44 diacritics (not counting composites), and four extra-lexical prosodic marks in the
[1] Rare instances of word-initial [ɨ], including the minimal pair и́кать 'to produce the sound и ' and ы́кать 'to produce the sound ы', [2] as well as borrowed names and toponyms, like Ыб [ɨp] ⓘ, the name of a river and several villages in the Komi Republic.
Both represent the sound ⓘ. The Ainu language uses a small katakana ㇽ to represent a final r sound after an u sound (ウㇽ ur ). The combination of an R-column kana letter with handakuten ゜- る゚ in hiragana, and ル゚ in katakana was introduced to represent [lu] in the early 20th century.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 February 2025. See also: List of Cyrillic multigraphs Main articles: Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabets, and Early Cyrillic alphabet This article contains special characters. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols. This is a list of letters of the ...
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.