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As a philosophical position, idealism claims that the true objects of knowledge are "ideal," meaning mind-dependent, as opposed to material. The term stems from Plato's view that the "Ideas," the categories or concepts which our mind abstracts from our empirical experience of particular things, are more real than the particulars themselves, which depend on the Ideas rather than the Ideas ...
1801 Hegel, The Difference Between Fichte's and Schelling's Systems of Philosophy; 1804 Death of Kant; 1807 Hegel, The Phenomenology of Spirit (see: Absolute idealism) 1808 Goethe, Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy; 1809 Schelling, Philosophical Inquiries into the Essence of Human Freedom; 1810 Goethe, Theory of Colours
Between Kant and Hegel: Texts in the Development of Post-Kantian Idealism, 1985; On the nature of philosophical critique (1802), partly translated in M.N. Forster, Hegel's Idea of a Phenomenology of Spirit, 1998, pp. 605–607; Aphorisms from the wastebook (1803–1806), Independent Journal of Philosophy 3, 1979; Who thinks abstractly?
Kant distinguished between the phenomena world, which can be sensed and experienced by humans, and the noumena, or spiritual world, which is inaccessible to humans. This dichotomy was necessary for Kant because it could explain the autonomy of a human agent: although a human is bound in the phenomenal world, their actions are free in the ...
Praxis is the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, embodied, realized, applied, or put into practice."Praxis" may also refer to the act of engaging, applying, exercising, realizing, or practising ideas.
Hegel's historicism could be read to affirm the historical necessity of modern forms of government. The Right Hegelians believed that advanced European societies, as they existed in the first half of the nineteenth century, were the summit of all social development, the product of the historical dialectic that had existed thus far.
Kant proposes that the European nations were tending towards statehood in a federation characterized by a universalist and cosmopolitan moral culture—a historical end-state also approached (albeit at a slower pace) by those inferior non-European societies, defined as they still were by the embrace of faith.
Italian philosopher Giovanni Gentile, who developed actual idealism. It contrasted the transcendental idealism of Kant and the absolute idealism of Hegel. Actual idealism is a form of idealism, developed by Giovanni Gentile, that was influenced by the absolute idealism of G. W. F. Hegel.