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Big Bear (Mistahi-maskwa, ᒥᐢᑕᐦᐃᒪᐢᑿ in syllabics) was born in 1824 in Jackfish Lake, near the future site of Battleford.His father, Muckitoo (otherwise known as Black Powder), was a minor chief of a tribe of 80 Plains Cree-Saulteaux people who were deemed to be "true nomadic hunters".
Sweet Grass often worked closely with the fellow Cree chief Big Bear. They hunted in the same territory and would often hunt and camp together. [3] Sweet Grass was ten years older, so Big Bear recognized him as the superior chief. [3] They bonded over sharing the characteristic of being small, but mighty warriors. [3]
To the west where the Cree uprising led by Poundmaker and Big Bear occurred was the Battleford sub-district with 3,603 people. [3] [4] The largest settlement and the capital of the district was Prince Albert with about 800 people [5] followed by Battleford with about 500 people "divided about equally between French, Métis and English". [6]
Chief Big Bear and his band had settled near Frog Lake in late 1884. [2] He had signed Treaty 6 in 1882 [3] and been pushed to move his band near Fort Pitt, located about 55 km (34 mi) from Frog Lake, but had not yet selected a reserve site. [4]
Wandering Spirit was a young war chief among the Plains Cree and frequently came into conflict with the band's titular leader, Chief Big Bear. Whenever Big Bear left the band for a period of time, Wandering Spirit and Big Bear's son, Imasees, were left in command. [1] Both had challenged Big Bear for full leadership in 1885 but were unsuccessful.
It is a Treaty 6 government. Formerly the Montana Band of Indians, [2] it is one of four First Nations in the area of Maskwacis. [3] The land where the Montana First Nation now sits near Wetaskiwin was originally set aside for the Bobtail Band of Indians. When the band was dispersed, the land was abandoned.
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In the Canadian North-West, a period of escalating unrest immediately preceded the rebellion as Ottawa refused to negotiate with its disaffected citizens. While the Métis under Louis Riel declared a provisional government and mobilized their forces, Cree chief Big Bear was not planning any militarization or violence toward the Canadian settlers or government.