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Maxam–Gilbert sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing developed by Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert in 1976–1977. This method is based on nucleobase-specific partial chemical modification of DNA and subsequent cleavage of the DNA backbone at sites adjacent to the modified nucleotides.
Allan Maxam (born October 28, 1942) is one of the pioneers of molecular genetics. He was one of the contributors to develop a DNA sequencing method at Harvard University , while working as a student in the laboratory of Walter Gilbert .
The technique known as the “Plus and Minus” method, involved supplying all the components of the DNA but excluding the reaction of one of the four bases needed to complete the DNA. [44] In 1976, Gilbert and Maxam, invented a method for rapidly sequencing DNA while at Harvard, known as the Maxam–Gilbert sequencing. [45]
Microfluidic Sanger sequencing is a lab-on-a-chip application for DNA sequencing, in which the Sanger sequencing steps (thermal cycling, sample purification, and capillary electrophoresis) are integrated on a wafer-scale chip using nanoliter-scale sample volumes. This technology generates long and accurate sequence reads, while obviating many ...
Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert's 1977 paper "A new method for sequencing DNA" was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society for 2017. It was presented to the Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University. [36] [24]
The first DNA sequencing methods were developed by Gilbert (1973) [8] and Sanger (1975). [9] Gilbert introduced a sequencing method based on chemical modification of DNA followed by cleavage at specific bases whereas Sanger's technique is based on dideoxynucleotide chain termination. The Sanger method became popular due to its increased ...
Sanger's approach was described in 2001 as one of the two fundamental methods for sequencing DNA fragments [1] (the other being the Maxam–Gilbert method [5]) but the Sanger method is both the "most widely used and the method used by most automated DNA sequencers."
To precisely determine this sequence, over time more efficient technologies with increased accuracy, throughput and sequencing speed have been developed. Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing technologies were classified as the First Generation Sequencing Technology who initiated the field of DNA sequencing with their publication in 1977. [8]
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