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Myoclonic dystonia or Myoclonus dystonia syndrome is a rare movement disorder that induces spontaneous muscle contraction causing abnormal posture. The prevalence of myoclonus dystonia has not been reported, however, this disorder falls under the umbrella of movement disorders which affect thousands worldwide. [ 1 ]
X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (XDP), also known as lubag syndrome or X-linked dystonia of Panay, is a rare X-linked progressive movement disorder with high penetrance found almost exclusively in males from Panay. [1] It is characterized by dystonic movements first typically occurring in the 3rd and 4th decade of life.
Due to the rare and variable nature of dystonia, research investigating the effectiveness of these treatments is limited. There is no gold standard for physiotherapy rehabilitation. [33] To date, focal cervical dystonia has received the most research attention; [31] however, study designs are poorly controlled and limited to small sample sizes ...
Dystonia is a disorder of involuntary muscle contractions that may cause repetitive and/or abnormal movement or postures. Dystonia is a disorder that causes repetitive involuntary muscle movements ...
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is an uncommon focal neurological condition affecting the jaws, face, and mouth. [1] Oromandibular dystonia is characterized by involuntary spasms of the tongue, jaw, and mouth muscles that result in bruxism , or grinding of the teeth , and jaw closure.
Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [ 1 ]
The symptoms usually begin between the ages of 30 and 70 years old and appear to be more common in women than in men (2:1 ratio). The combination of upper and lower dystonia is sometimes called cranial-cervical dystonia. [2] The incidence is about one case in 20,000 people. [3]
This autosomal-dominant condition is the most frequent cause of dopamine-responsive dystonia. [1] Mutations in the gene for tyrosine hydroxylase may lead to tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency, a rare form of dopamine-responsive dystonia inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. [2]