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The Progress of Cotton. Barfoot's series of coloured lithographs of 1840 depicting the cotton manufacturing process. Spinning the Web, Manchester Libraries: Darton. p. 12; Miller, Ian; Wild, Chris (2007). A & G Murray and the Cotton Mills of Ancoats. Lancaster: Oxford Archaeology North. ISBN 978-0-904220-46-9.
Cold pad batch (CPB) is a method of dyeing textiles, typically cellulosic fibers such as cotton, in which the textile is impregnated with dye in a cold state, rather than being heated. High dye fixation and no thermal energy are the advantages of the CPB process. [ 1 ]
Scouring is a chemical washing process carried out on cotton fabric to remove natural wax and non-fibrous impurities (e.g. The remains of seed fragments) from the fibers and any added soiling or dirt. Scouring is usually carried in iron vessels called kiers. The fabric is boiled in an alkali, which forms a soap with free fatty acids ...
The planting season is from September to mid-November, and the crop is harvested between March and June. The cotton bolls are harvested by stripper harvesters and spindle pickers that remove the entire boll from the plant. The cotton boll is the seed pod of the cotton plant; attached to each of the thousands of seeds are fibres about 2.5 cm ...
The fabric piece is then moved down from the wound roller, through the dye solution and back onto the other roll. The rollers can be reversed so that the process of unwinding and winding can be done multiple times until the dyeing process is complete. Once the process has finished the dye bath is cooled and the fabric is taken out and dried ...
In cotton, non-cellulosic substances such as waxes, lipids, pectic substances, organic acids contribute to around ten percent of the weight. [13] Cotton, in particular, has fewer impurities than wool. [46] Cotton scouring refers to removing impurities such as natural wax, pectins, and non-fibrous matter with a wetting agent and caustic soda.
The like charges repel each other, and the addition of salt aids in dyeing by generating a positive charge on the cotton surface. [7] [8] The industry has predominantly used reactive dyes to color knitted cotton goods. The treatment of salt-laden, colored effluent generated by the dyeing process is one of the industry's primary concerns. Cotton ...
Although almost all dyeing can be done in a vat, the term vat dye is used to describe a chemical class of dyes that are applied to cellulosic fibre (i.e., cotton) using a redox reaction as described below. Because of the use of caustic soda, and the very high pH of the dye bath in the dyeing process, wool cannot be dyed using vat dyestuffs.
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