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[39] [40] [41] Historians usually refer to the new Caesar as "Octavian" during the time between his adoption and his assumption of the name Augustus in 27 BC in order to avoid confusing the dead dictator with his heir. [42] Octavian could not rely on his limited funds to make a successful entry into the upper echelons of the Roman political ...
Marcellus was born into the Claudii Marcelli, a plebeian branch of the gens Claudia in 42 BC, the son of Gaius Claudius Marcellus and Octavia the Younger. [2] He had two full sisters named Claudia Marcella the Elder and Claudia Marcella the Younger [3] as well as two younger maternal half-sisters named Antonia the Elder and Antonia the Younger.
It was then made public that Caesar had adopted Octavius as his son and main heir. In response, Octavius changed his name to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. Though modern scholars to avoid confusion commonly refer to him at this point as Octavian, he called himself "Caesar", which is the name his contemporaries also used.
His declaration of the end of the Civil Wars that had started under Julius Caesar marked the historic beginning of the Roman Empire, and the Pax Romana. Octavian at this point was given the title Augustus ("the venerable") by the Roman Senate. After describing the military campaigns of Augustus, Suetonius describes his personal life.
Octavian followed his friend's advice. [42] The facade of the Pantheon with the inscription of Agrippa. On 2 September 31 BC, the Battle of Actium was fought. Octavian's victory, which gave him the mastery of Rome and the empire, was mainly due to Agrippa. [43] Octavian then bestowed upon him the hand of his niece Claudia Marcella Major in 28 BC.
In effect, though not in law, the action cancelled his adoption and virtually assured Tiberius' emplacement as Augustus' sole heir. Postumus was ultimately executed by his own guards shortly after Augustus' death in AD 14. Postumus was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, the first imperial family of the Roman Empire.
Far more dangerous was the acknowledgment of Caesarion as legitimate and heir to Caesar's name. Octavian's base of power was his link with Caesar through adoption, which granted him much-needed popularity and loyalty of the legions. To see this convenient situation attacked by a child borne by the richest woman in the world was something ...
Augustus is said to have taken charge of Virgil's physical and literary remains after his death. "My bones were buried by Octavian." Purg. VII, 6. His triumphant chariot is compared to the chariot in the Pageant of the Church Triumphant. Purg. XXIX, 116. Augustus (as Octavian) appears in two of Geoffrey Chaucer's fourteenth-century works: The ...
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