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South of the mountains, the West African Craton is relatively flat, mostly desert or dry savanna apart from the areas near the Atlantic or Gulf of Guinea. However, below the surface there are ancient sedimentary basins such as the Taoudeni basin that may contain large reserves of oil and gas. [21]
Approximate extent of Taoudeni basin Major West African sedimentary basins. The Taoudeni Basin is a major Sedimentary basin in West Africa, named after the Taoudenni village in northern Mali. It covers large parts of the West African craton in Mauritania and Mali. It is of considerable interest due to its possible reserves of oil. [1]
The production of oil and gas is important to Algeria's economy, being Africa's main producer of the latter. Its reserves were estimated at 4.502 trillion m 3 at the end of 2008. Productive fields are found in anticlines, faulted anticlines or domes; the reservoirs being in Cambro-Ordovician, Triassic, Devonian, and Carboniferous sandstones.
East European Craton, the core of Baltica. Volgo-Uralian Craton, Russia (3.0–2.7 Ga) Baltic Shield, part of the East European Craton; Fennoscandian Shield, the exposed Northwestern part of the Baltic Shield in Norway, Sweden and Finland (3.1 Ga) Karelian Craton, part of the Fennoscandian Shield in Southeast Finland and Karelia Russia, (3.4 Ga)
The Niger Delta is the twelfth largest province in the world by known oil and gas resources. [4] The Niger Delta Basin produces around 2 million barrels of oil per day. The entire system is predicted to contain 34.5 billion barrels of oil and 94 trillion feet 3 of natural gas. This area is still very heavily explored by oil companies today.
Map of the Zimbabwe and Kaapvaal Cratons SW end of the 550 km long Great Dyke of Zimbabwe from ISS, 2010. Brachiosaurus femur and Geologist Metrinah Ruzvidzo, 2005. The geology of Zimbabwe in southern Africa is centered on the Zimbabwe Craton, a core of Archean basement composed in the main of granitoids, schist and gneisses.
Ghana and Mali are the second and third largest producers of gold in Africa, respectively. [1] The Birimian terranes in the southern part of the West African craton are a mix of metamorphosed volcanic, sedimentary, and plutonic rocks and low-grade metavolcanics and metasediments.
The oil fields of the Muglad Basin are connected to Port Sudan on the Red Sea by the Greater Nile Oil Pipeline which begins at the Unity oil field. [4] Oil extracted in Muglad is known as "Nile Blend" crude. It is refined at Khartoum for export and domestic consumption. [5] Further oil exploration in the Muglad Basin commenced in February 2008. [6]